Original Post
Spoiler: show
I was able to make out the remaining places on the map. The place to the west of Aldenard appears to be "The Farreach", south of that is "Agalatia's Spine" (Spine is probably correct, but the first part is a guess). The river south of Ishgard is the "White Maiden" Southwest of Mor Dhol appears to be "Carteneav Flats" and "Dinderfoot River", also both best guesses at what the missing letters are. South of Ul'dah is "Cape Caedwind".
Here's a link to the map from the official FFXIV website that I used to get the place names, in the event that someone else wants to take a look at the names.
Put the map in spoiler tags this time because it's too big for my monitor.
Spoiler: show