The United States is in a “vicious cycle” of depressed consumer demand and unemployment, and the government must shift its focus to improving the economy rather than slashing deficits, according to former U.S. Labor Secretary Robert Reich ’68, who spoke to a packed Moore Theater in the Hopkins Center for the Arts on Thursday afternoon. Reich was the seventh speaker in the “Leading Voices in Politics and Policy” lecture series.
Reich — who teaches public policy at the University of California, Berkeley —
said that policymakers in Washington, D.C., have spent too much time addressing the national debt, which he referred to as a “non-issue” in the current economy. The true problems, he said, are severe lags in jobs, wages and economic growth, caused by depressed consumer demand.
Since the late 1970s, median wages in the United States have stagnated, and for a long time consumers were able to keep spending due to three “coping mechanisms,” according to Reich. These mechanisms were women’s entry into the workforce, longer average work weeks and increasing consumer debt using long-term assets such as homes as collateral.
The current economic crisis has caused the value of homes and other long-term investments to plummet, which, when paired with rising unemployment and lack of consumer confidence, has made consumers less likely and willing to spend money, he said.
Unemployment acts circularly to depress consumer demand, keeping unemployment high, according to Reich.
“No business in its right mind would make the investment in additional capacity if there are no customers,” he said. “That’s the vicious cycle we’re in.”
To make matters worse, the federal government’s “hands are tied” in terms of providing an extra boost to the economy, thanks to the debt ceiling deal reached this week, he said.
Reich said that consumer demand for luxury goods has remained high among the wealthiest Americans, but added that the vast majority of consumers — whose spending constitutes 70 percent of the United States economy — have lost confidence and are unable or unwilling to spend more money. As a result, the economy has not “bounced back” as much as it has following previous recessions, he said.
The stimulus package passed in 2009 helped save 3 million jobs and slightly improve the economy, but it was not nearly large enough to allow for a full recovery, he said.
In response to a question from an audience member about what steps should be taken to address the faltering economy, Reich cited a number of possible actions, including an extension of the earned income tax credit, payroll tax exemptions, tax benefits for employers who hire more workers and increased financing for infrastructure projects.
“There’s no lack of ideas,” he said. “There’s a lack of political will, which is made more difficult by the deal that was just signed into law.”
Responding to a question posed last week by former New York City public schools Chancellor Joel Klein, Reich said that increased spending on early childhood and public education is important for the country’s economic future, adding that he thought public university tuition should be free for all students.
In the short-term, however, public funds should be spent on increasing the amount of money that consumers spend, according to Reich.
Despite the bad economic signs, Reich said he remained optimistic about the future of the country, particularly as politicians returned home to their districts for the summer recess. He added that he was confident that the public would realize the nature of the current economic crisis, and there would be “mounting pressure” on politicians to address the poor economic situation.
“As the country begins to wake up to the fact that debt is not the crisis, but that jobs and wages and growth are the crisis, that may change politics,” he said.
The country has faced far more challenging crises than the current one, and the United States can easily weather the bad economy as long as the right policy steps are taken, he said.
Above all, citizens must be more active to make sure policymakers take action, Reich said.
“Nothing good happens in Washington unless the public is mobilized, energized and organized to make sure it does happen,” he said.