The American dream is based on the assumption of significant social mobility. Failure to advance is seen as a personal failure and those at the bottom of the pile are assumed to be trash and unworthy of pity or help. In fact, as the article shows, the assumption of significant social mobility is false. Social mobility is limited by education level, childhood nutrition, and a variety of other factors that are both unequal and correlated with parental income level. Anyone who has thought about this would agree.
In order to make the "American dream" a reality, we have to use social programs to give children an acceptable starting place. Good nutrition and health (including prenatal), good education (as high as they want to go), and a safe place to grow up. Without that, many children are damned to failure before they're old enough to vote.
Some more privileged people certainly do invest a lot of time in improving their children's personal chances. Private schools, tutors, instrument lessons, etc. This can't and shouldn't be stopped, as it may be the parents' motivation for working hard. I'd rather have a system where a few people are a little extra prepared than a system that wastes a large fraction of its population to malnutrition, violence, and educational failure at a young age.
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