What you should really be asking is why insurance companies, who are presumably trying to maximize their own profits, feel obligated to reimburse $5000 to a hospital for a $200 or less procedure. As you said, if they reimbursed less, doctors would charge less. So
who is holding a gun (slide 14, especially green box above chart title) to the insurance company's head and forcing them to make such large reimbursements just to stay in business?
Related: if for-profit schools are so awful, how can they charge so much? You all like
Huff Po, right?
I mean, I'm not on crazy pills, right? If doctors charge whatever they are reimbursed, then obviously the reimbursements are too big, right? And if the gov has more market-share than all private insurers combined, then it's pretty clear who determines how much is reimbursed for a given procedure, right?