There was a real sense that a whole corrupt political class was oppressing ordinary Englishmen. Serfdom was dying out as an institution in the late fourteenth century, but it seemed to many of those who rebelled in 1381 that it was giving way to a new and equally oppressive system, by which lawyers and justices kept the rural poor in just as deep a misery as they had suffered when they were bonded to the land.
Poll taxes that hit the poor hardest; labor legislation that prevented them from earning a reasonable wage; the hideous fear of plague; a miserably failing war… this was all sufficient to kindle a rebellion that shook England to its foundations.
After the fall of the Tower, London descended into chaos. On Cheapside, where just a few years ago the street had run with wine, now a wooden chopping block was set up. In St.-Martin’s-in-the-Vintry, the bodies of more than one hundred Flemish traders were piled lifeless in the streets. They had been dragged from sanctuary in a church and murdered by a mob whose idle hatred of foreigners was stirred by the perception that the Flemings received special privileges from the government.