President Barack Obama will sign an executive order on Monday that ends the federal government’s 2001 restrictions on federal funding for some embryonic stem cell lines, a move hailed by Wisconsin Gov. Jim Doyle as a "great step forward."
Stem cell research, pioneered at the University of Wisconsin-Madison by biologist James Thomson, is viewed by many to be the gateway to finding cures to debilitating neurological and muscular diseases. Such research also is believed to hold commercial opportunities that could result in economic development, but the federal restrictions have been blamed for slowing U.S. research while work overseas continued to advance.
"The decision will help restore America as a leader in this field and is a clear path out of a policy thicket that has slowed the pace of discovery for eight years," Thomson said in a statement released Monday. "It also removes a stigma that has discouraged many bright young people from embarking on careers in stem cell research."
In November 2004, Doyle announced a $750 million plan involving state and private investment to fund stem cell research in addition to research in the health sciences.
“Wisconsin is the home of embryonic stem cell research, and I have always fought to keep politics away from science, so that researchers have the freedom they need to make life-saving advances," Doyle said in a statement. "We are at the ground floor of a field of discovery that represents tremendous promise to improve and save lives."
It was unclear whether Obama would make a blanket rescission of the limits Bush put in place in August 2001, if restrictions would be gradually lifted or if some limitations would remain. The New York Times reported Sunday that Obama would leave the question of whether to use taxpayers' dollars for research experiments on the embryos themselves up to Congress.
Bush in August 2001 limited federal funding to 21 already-existing cell lines. That move gained the support of many evangelicals, who believe that life begins at conception and thus opposed human embryonic stem cell research on moral grounds because embryos were destroyed during the process.
That has led stem cell research institutions to buy new equipment and in many cases seal off their embryonic stem cell research from other non-embryonic research funded by the federal government.
In 2007, a team of UW-Madison scientists led by Thomson announced that they were able to genetically reprogram human skin cells to create cells indistinguishable from embryonic stem cells, a landmark accomplishment that could sidestep the controversy surrounding human embryonic stem cell research.
Nonetheless, Wisconsin Stem Cell Now, a nonprofit organization that promotes stem cell research, said that without the possibility of federal funding for this research, developments in the field have been slowed and some researchers have been deterred from entering the field.
“While stem cell lines can now be derived from multiple sources, including adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, President Obama’s Executive Order will open up federal funding for what is still considered to be “the gold standard” of stem cell research by leading scientists," said Ed Fallone, president of Wisconsin Stem Cell Now. "No longer will the federal government impose ideological litmus tests that handicap promising areas of research into the origins and cures of diseases such as Parkinson’s, diabetes and Alzheimer’s."