France's Transport Minister Dominique Bussereau told French radio that such a situation could have resulted in "two bad consequences for the survival of the plane".
"Too low a speed, which can cause it to stall, or too high a speed, which can lead to the plane ripping up as it approached the speed of sound, as the outer skin is not designed to resist such speed," he said.
Air France has said it is stepping up the process of replacing speed monitors on board its Airbus planes.
The company said it first noticed problems with speed monitors a year ago and began replacing them a few weeks before the accident.