Neutrinos are the big nothings of subatomic physics. Nearly massless and lacking an electric charge, these ghostly particles interact so weakly with other types of matter that more than 50 trillion of them pass unimpeded through a person’s body each second.
Yet recent preliminary findings from two experiments hint that neutrinos may be opening a window on a hidden world of subatomic particles and forces.
The findings from both experiments have relatively large margins of error, so they could end up being statistical flukes. But so far the results, announced June 14 at the Neutrinos 2010 conference in Athens, indicate that neutrinos and their antiparticle counterparts, antineutrinos, are not the nearly exact mirror images of each other that current physics supposes them to be.
If confirmed, those conclusions “indicate a fundamentally new direction in our thinking” about subatomic particles and the origin of matter in the universe, says theorist Rabindra Mohapatra of the University of Maryland in College Park.
The new results may help explain a long-standing puzzle — how the universe, believed to have begun with such a perfect balance of matter and antimatter that the two would have destroyed each other upon contact, became dominated by matter. That imbalance has led to the evolution of galaxies, planets and life
The new findings “could even signal a tiny breakdown of Einstein’s theory of special relativity,” Mohapatra adds. “This could completely alter the way we are doing physics now.”