Just in time for Easter, physicists may have found the elusive God particle.
A leaked internal memo from four scientists at the Large Hadron Collider, the enormous particle accelerator that spans the border of Switzerland and France, said an experiment there may have finally recorded the existence of the long sought-after Higgs boson.
Scientists believe that the hypothetical particle — the last one still undiscovered in the standard model of physics — plays a very special role in the universe, by imbuing all other particles with mass, making reality as we know it possible.
So science nerds were agog last week after Peter Woit, a Columbia University physicist, posted the memo on his blog, “Not Even Wrong.”
The results would appear to be "the first definitive observation of physics beyond the standard model," the leaked memo read. "Exciting new physics, including new particles, may be expected to be found in the very near future.”
If discovered, the “God particle” would be just the beginning of a new era in science and technology, said Michio Kaku, a theoretical physicist and professor at the City College of New York.
“It’s going to open the floodgates for a whole new branch of theoretical physics,” Kaku told The Daily. “There are some eternal questions that cannot be answered in the framework of conventional physics. Is time travel possible? Are there gateways to other universes? Are there parallel dimensions?”
Leon Lederman, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize for physics, dubbed the Higgs boson the God particle in his 1993 book of the same name.
“The God particle is both a particle and a field,” said Rob Roser, a Fermilab staff scientist who heads a study at the Tevatron particle collider near Chicago. “The way any other particle couples to that field is what generates its mass.”
But nobody has been able to detect one. Higgs bosons would be extremely unstable, researchers say, lasting for less than a nanosecond before decaying into other particles like photons.
Roser said it was hard for him to comment on the memo because it hasn’t been fully vetted and formally published.
“We’ll just have to wait and see,” Roser told The Daily.
Hans Georg Ritter, a physicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California, noted that there might be strategic reasons to leak unvetted results of the sort contained in the memo.
“If the stakes are high and if there is competition, the collaborations tend to try to publish earlier than under normal conditions,” Ritter wrote in an email. “But those publications have still to follow the scientific process. I think [leaks] are generated as a means of internal positioning for credit.”
One commenter on Woit's blog had a less skeptical perspective: “Keeping secret the work of 2,000 persons in the age of Internet is just impossible.”
According to Kaku, the Higgs boson is the one missing piece at the center of a jigsaw puzzle consisting of a vast array of subatomic particles. Locating it could move science toward developing the theory of everything, a quest that eluded Albert Einstein, Kaku has said.
That kind of knowledge ultimately could enable humanity to do things that would today seem magical under our present understanding of physical reality, Kaku wrote in his 2008 book, “Physics of the Impossible.” Since they don’t necessarily violate any known laws of physics, things like teleportation, anitmatter engines and invisibility might become feasible one day.
Finding the God particle was one of the primary motivations for building the multibillion-dollar Large Hadron Collider. Only by smashing atoms together at velocities near the speed of light will the required energy be produced to generate a Higgs boson long enough for scientists to demonstrate it is real.
Or not.
If the particle never appears, physicists would be forced to revise the formulas they have created to describe reality.
One thing the collider did for certain, scientists announced on Friday, is set the record for high-intensity particle crashes.
Researchers used beams with 6 percent more particles per unit than the previous record, set by the Fermilab Tevatron last year.
“Beam intensity is key to the success of the LHC, so this is a very important step,” said Rolf Heuer, head of the European Organization for Nuclear Research, which runs the Large Hadron Collider, in a statement. “Higher intensity means more data, and more data means greater discovery potential.”