
Originally Posted by
ExtremeTech
How Many Rails?
A rail in a PSU is a single voltage point provided by the power supply. You have to be careful because some PSUs are marketed as multiple-rail systems but instead of having separate circuitry for each voltage point, they really contain only a single rail split into multiple lines. A true multiple-rail PSU will have separate circuits for each rail, and each circuit will have its own independent amperage. More rails are definitely a convenience, but you can waste power if any rail's output is not completely utilized. Because the amperage allocated to a particular rail is isolated from the rest of the system electrically, any unused amperage is not available to the other rails. Power can also be lost due to the additional resistances that are part of the distribution architecture.
Remember: If you get a PSU with current-limited rails, you may find yourself playing the load balancing game. If the number of components you hang on any particular rail exceeds the specified amperage limit for that rail, the PSU will shut down, forcing you to try different combinations of connections until you find one that does not overload any single rail's output. This is why extreme computing types frequently choose a high-amperage PSU with a single rail that is not current limited.