Download GParted
It's a livecd that will let you examine the size, health, filesystem, partition tables, so on of all your media. You can boot into this environment without making any changes to the hard disk. Depending on the BIOS, "disk read error" might mean that it's not able to read anything from the disk, in which case it won't show up in GParted at all, or it might mean that your BIOS didn't find a bootloader on any partition, which can be fixed with an OS disc, usually.
This gets a little tricky, but once you've booted into the livecd, you can open a terminal and issue the following commands to get a little bit more info:
You should see something like this come up:
Code:
dmesg:[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/sda2 ro quiet
dmesg:[ 4.946461] Driver 'sd' needs updating - please use bus_type methods
dmesg:[ 4.946461] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 156312576 512-byte hardware sectors (80032 MB)
dmesg:[ 4.946461] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
dmesg:[ 4.946461] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
dmesg:[ 4.946461] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
If you can see that, that'll let you know that the hard disk is (probably) operating normally, and that there's a problem with its bootloader.