BG science students (Biology)

[Cream Soda]

So, I have a Bio 1 test on Monday and one of 6 extended response/short essay questions will be on our test. I have about 3 of them down but need help w/ the other 3. I only have lecture notes and google to go off of, as I don't have the book.

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It's going to be worth 20% of the test, and only will be chosen.

For number 1. What is the difference in patients w/ diabetes? I was able to find out their structural differences and the ratio of starch they have, but that's only half of the question and all I could find on google was tests on lab rats.

For number 2 and 3, being 100% honest, I've had 2 practicals this week and two tests last week as well as two tests next week. I haven't really had a chance to look over them the way I've wanted to.

4. I actually just finished up that one and think I have it pretty solid, as it was an easy google. 5-6 couldn't fit on 1 page, but I have those down so that also won't be an issue.

[Nystul]

wiki amylose and it tells you right there.

[kuronosan]

1) Amylopectin is a more complex chain of polysaccharide bonds. Amylose is digested much slower. In diabetic patients this is obviously crucial because it doesn't screw up their glycemic index as much.

2) Just make a flowchart showing how the enzyme or protein begins as a string of code in the Nucleus, is exported into the cytoplasm, transcribed and translated by RNA Polymerase and the other coding mechanisms, and you're done.

3) One enantiomeric form is preferable. Since albuterol dilates the bronchioles, it's high specificity prevents it from activating multiple active sites. Would you want half the dosage performing at twice the efficiency? If it possessed multiple forms, albuterol would be able to bind at multiple sites, which would wreak havoc on your lungs every time you inhaled it.

4) Well, as you said, you did research, but to give you a short answer... unsaturated fats are ALWAYS better as they are easier for the body to break down. Saturated fats possess bonds that take longer to break down and thus are much more readily stored because they require more cholesterol. Obviously produced cholesterol outside of what is already made by your liver is bad for you.

[Mizango]

Cake.

Spoiler: show

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[Demosthenes11]

what the fuck

my BIS1 class was like: "What's the part of a cell that holds the DNA?"

etc etc

[Gorki]

what the fuck

my BIS1 class was like: "What's the part of a cell that holds the DNA?"

etc etc

Same, except mine asked where the midichlorians where located in a cell.

[AoE]

Yeah I thought I'd be on top of this but I was never asked this type of stuff taking Biology.

I could answer 2 and 4 no problem but they were answered already. Haha.

[ZarakiKujata]

I'm currently also taking a bio 1 class I feel bad for you what with essays but b/c theres 700 people in the class its just a multiple choice for us.. lol

I could answer 3,4 and could probably bs my way through 2 but completely at a loss for 1.

[Cream Soda]

1) Amylopectin is a more complex chain of polysaccharide bonds. Amylose has less bonds, so it's digested much more easily. In diabetic patients this is obviously crucial because it doesn't screw up their glycemic index as much.

2) Just make a flowchart showing how the enzyme or protein begins as a string of code in the Nucleus, is exported into the cytoplasm, transcribed and translated by RNA Polymerase and the other coding mechanisms, and you're done.

3) One enantiomeric form is preferable. Since albuterol dilates the bronchioles, it's high specificity prevents it from activating multiple active sites. Would you want half the dosage performing at twice the efficiency? If it possessed multiple forms, albuterol would be able to bind at multiple sites, which would wreak havoc on your lungs every time you inhaled it.

4) Well, as you said, you did research, but to give you a short answer... unsaturated fats are ALWAYS better as they are easier for the body to break down. Saturated fats possess bonds that take longer to break down and thus are much more readily stored because they require more cholesterol. Obviously produced cholesterol outside of what is already made by your liver is bad for you.

Hmm for number 1 on wiki, amylose says "Amylose starch is less readily digested than amylopectin;" Am I comprehending wrong, I was a bit thrown off by "less readily digested", especially now since you are saying it is much more easily digested.

[Nystul]

amylopectin is easier to digest than amylose. Just because it is a larger and more branched molecule doesn't mean it is slower to digest. The slower digestion time results in smaller blood sugar spikes. Normal starch distribution is something like 70% amylopectin and 30% amylose. If you eat a lot of that, the large amounts of amylopectin causes large blood sugar spikes (amylopectin is broken down into glucose) which leads to diabetes.

Eating a high amylose diet (whole grains, non-waxy potatoes, shit like that) lowers your blood sugar spikes and makes you less likely to get diabets OR makes your diabetes easier to maintain.

[Penthesilea]

I dont know if this is correct, but amylose forms helical structures, thus it's more dense and you can pack more in. That said, the difference in hydrolysis by amylase could be due steric hindrince of that helical structure of amylose compared to the branching/non helical formation of amylopectin.

[SDSD]

I'm going to guess your class uses Campbell and Reese xth edition, like every other introductory biology class. If you don't have the book, google for a pdf copy. When my students come to their first TA section, that's the first thing I have them do.

The answers to all four of your questions are figures in chapters 4 and 5.

[kuronosan]

I'm sorry, I typo'd that. It should have read "much more slowly digested". Amylose breaks down slower, which is why it doesn't spike blood sugar as much.

[Telamond]

I don't know much about that specific drug that you mentioned. But different enantiomers of a specific drug can activates different enzymes which gives different effects.

There was a case where a drug was released that was used by pregnant women to prevent morning sickness, but the other enantiomer caused deformation of the infant.

[Max™]

Same, except mine asked where the midichlorians where located in a cell.

The midichlorians are everywhere, the force flows through us all!