1. Excel can compute binomial distribution probabilities. Suppose that 20 people are going to be sampled and the value of p is .40. What is the probability that exactly 8 people have the characteristic measured by p? To have Excel figure this probability, go to the menu bar and select fx (Paste Function). From the ensuing dialog box, select statistical on the left and binomdist on the right. After clicking on okay, another dialog box appears. In the first line, place the value of x (in this case x is 8). In the second line under trials, place the value of n. In the third line, place the value of p (which here is .40). In the fourth line, place the word, false, to get exact probabilities. For the problem above, the answer is .1797. For cumulative probabilities from the left (for example,
x < 8) use the word, true, in the fourth box. The answer for this cumulative probability will include probability values from zero through the x value (in this case from 0 through 8). If you want the probability of x < 12, you should put 11 in for x (resulting in
x < 11).. For x > 14, place 14 in the x line (x < 14) and then subtract the answer
from 1. You can get Excel to subtract the answer from 1 and place the answer in the cell you designate. Do this by typing a “1 – “ after the equal sign (=) in the formula box (at top of page just below the menu bar). Excel will place the final answer in the cell.